Department of Low Temperatures

Head of the Department
Puzina Y. Yulia
+7 495 362-78-41
Puzina@mpei.ru

The Department was founded in 1975

Summary

Department of Low Temperatures (previously department of Cryogenic Technics) was created in 1975 for training specialists in low-temperature technologies for various industries. The main goal was the training of cryophysicists who can solve multifactor engineering and scientific problems that arise at the development and operation of effective cryogenic systems, as well as at physical studies at the cryotemperature level (less than 120K).

A great contribution to the formation and development of the department was made by the scientific groups of professors V. М. Brodyansky, V. A. Grigoryev and D.A. Labuntsov. Construction of a training cryocenter with a helium liquefaction plant helped to develop the laboratory base.

In 2004, training began for specialists in the new profile "Nanotechnologies and nanomaterials in power engineering". Scientific research of the department is associated with theoretical and practical issues of studying heat and mass transfer at phase transformations at low temperatures. Special role is played by study of heat transfer in superfluid helium. With the development of a new direction related to nanotechnology, new studies have appeared for thermophysical processes in nanostructured materials.

Research areas

Development of production methods and study of the properties of monodisperse granules and powders
Investigation of the hydrodynamics of droplet decay of viscous liquid jets
Experimental studies of the processes of spreading, wetting, boiling in meso and nanostructures, analysis of the morphology of functional surfaces
Development of calculation methods for transfer processes on interfaces and experimental verification of these methods in helium II
Numerical simulation of evaporation-condensation processes in cryogenic machines and apparatuses

Recent projects

• Drop refrigerators radiators in the energy of near and far space
Modeling of the dynamics of cryogenic aerosol in the low-pressure region, taking into account phase transitions on the surface and in the volume of droplets
Development of methods for solving conjugate transfer problems in non-equilibrium two-phase systems
An integrated approach to the study of volumetric condensation during the expansion of multicomponent and multiphase flows in cryogenic machines and apparatuses
Heat transfer during boiling of helium-II under various conditions: experiments and theory development
Functional energy-efficient surfaces for heat and mass transfer intensification and thermal interface materials for cooling electronic and power engineering devices

Features

• Training of bachelors, masters and scientists in the engineering field for the needs of industrial enterprises, research centers and other sectors of the economy
Formation of the educational and scientific base at the advanced level of educational and research technologies
Development of the department as an effective and competitive teaching and research environment for the continuous training of specialists with fundamental knowledge and practical skills in the field of cryogenics, nanotechnology and thermal power engineering

Unique equipment

		Experimental stand for studying the absorption of working fluids into materials.
		Experimental setup for investigation of the microstructure of deposited particles Dmitriev, A.S., Ivlev, N.F., Makarov, P.G. Evaporation rate management using substrates with graphene nanoflakes coating // Materials Science Forum, 2020, 992 MSF, стр. 802-808 https://www.scientific.net/MSF.992.802 Makarov, P.G., Artamonov, A.V., Dmitriev, A.S. Study of the Leidenfrost Effect on Heterogeneous Surfaces of Complex Structure. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2039 (2021), 012017.
		Experimental platform for the manufacture and research of hybrid graphene nanocomposites Dmitriev, A.S. Non-trivial capillary hydrodynamics and strong evaporative cooling in multilayer two-dimensional materials: application in thermal management systems of electronic and energy devices. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2039 (2021) 012008. Babenko D.D., Dmitriev A.S. and Mikhailova I.A. Active thermal interface graphene nanocomposites for thermal control of electronic and power devices. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2150 (2021) 012008. Babenko, D.D., Dmitriev, A.S., Mikhailova, I.A. On the dynamic effects of evaporation and boiling of drops on inhomogeneous graphene substrates for effective thermal management of energy devices. // Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2039 (2021) 012002.
		Installation for production of monodisperse granules from rare earth metal alloys Ankudinov V. B., Marukhin Yu. A., Ogorodnikov V. P., Ryzhkov V. A. Influence of the Properties of Regenerative Heat Exchanger Packing Material on the Efficiency of a Gifford–Mcmahon Cryocooler // Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2019, V. 55, Issue 1–2, pp. 136–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10556-019-00593-x Ankudinov V. B., Marukhin Yu. A., Ogorodnikov V. P., Ryzhkov V. A. Technology for Production of Monodisperse Spherical Granules. // Metallurgist 2019, Volume 63, Issue 5–6, pp 651–657 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-019-00903-x US 10,456,837 B2 Method For Producting Monodisperse Spherical Granules
		Experimental installation for the study of heat and mass transfer processes in superfluid helium Korolyov P.V., Kryukov A.P., Puzina Yu.Yu., Yachevsky I.A. The formation of a closed vapor film during the boiling of helium II on a cylindrical heater inside the porous structure // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1675 (2020) 012059 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1675/1/012059 Korolyov P.V., Kryukov A.P., Puzina Yu.Yu., Yachevsky I.A. Experiments of superfluid helium flow in a channel with a monodisperse backfill // Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1683 (2020) 022017 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1683/2/022017
	Installation for production of monodisperse ice granules Obtaining and using streams of monodisperse ice granules for cleaning and decontamination of surfaces. Based on the experiments conducted to investigate the possibilities for cleaning and decontamination of surfaces, the following conclusions can be drawn. With the help of ice pellets, it is possible to clean surfaces from rust, from oil and mud deposits, it is possible to remove outdated layers of paint, it is possible to decontaminate γ, β and α-activity to the level of the natural background.
Experimental installation for research of thermo-physical problems of cryogenic corpuscular targets. In general, cryogenic corpuscular targets are a stream of solid identical granules from cryogenic liquids, having the following unique properties: high luminosity, small size (from 10μ to 100 μ), low dispersion in speed and size of granules (less than 1%), renewable capacity. Targets can be produce from hydrogen or its isotopes, nitrogen, argon, neon, krypton and xenon. Due to their unique properties, the cryogenic corpuscular targets are promising in the study of fundamental problems of nuclear physics. Targets of this type are already part of the following scientific programs: «WASA CELSIUS» (Sweden); research program on the proton accelerator in ITEP(Moscow) and a number of others. In recent times the creation of cryogenic corpuscular targets is planned on the accelerators in Julich, Germany, and Lanzhou, China. In addition, the cryogenic corpuscular target is considered to be the most important element of future experiments on the new European accelerator FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research - FAIR) in Darmstadt, Germany. The experiments are expected to be conducted with high-energy beams to 15 GeV and will be a supplement to research on the Great Hadron Collider at CERN. The use of a cryogenic corpuscular target as an element of laser technologies will allow: to study the substance in an extreme state; to create compact accelerators of charged particles (electrons, protons and heavy ions);to produce isotopes and to develop new methods in nuclear medicine; to create the new radiation sources for micro and nano-electronics. The main termo-physical problems affecting the production of stable monodisperse streams of droplets and granules (targets) from cryogenic liquids are: capillary decay of thin jets of liquid cryoagent, cooling and freezing of droplets, acceleration of droplets by gas flow. The experimental installation has been created in order to investigate thermo-physical problems affecting obtaining stable monodisperse flows of droplets and granules. The installation consist of the following systems: vacuum system, working fluid supply system, monodisperse drop generation system and measuring system. Studies are carried out on special model liquids similar to cryogenic liquids in their parameters. Works on creation of installation were supported only by the international grants, grants of the Russian Fundation for Basic Research (RFBR) and personal funds of participants of works. • PANDA Phase One: PANDA collaboration. / Barucca, G., Boukharov A.V. Davi, F., Lancioni, G., ...Lutz, M.F.M., Ryan, S.M. // European Physical Journal A , 2021, 57(6), 184. • The potential of Λ and Ξ studies with PANDA at FAIR. / Barucca, G., Boukharov A.V. Davi, F., Lancioni, G., ...Zimmermann, S., Zmeskal, J. // European Physical Journal A, 2021, 57(4), 154. • Study of excited Ξ baryons with the P‾ ANDA detector. / Barucca, G., Boukharov A.V. Davi, F., Lancioni, G., ...Marton, J., Zimmermann, S. // European Physical Journal A, 2021, 57(4), 149. • Feasibility studies for the measurement of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors from p‾ p> μ+μ- at P‾ ANDA at FAIR. / Barucca, G., Boukharov A.V. Davi, F., Lancioni, G., ...Zimmermann, S., Zmeskal, J. // European Physical Journal A , 2021, 57(1), 30.